Citation Gese, E.M., J.P. Hart, and P.A. Terletzy. 2021. Gray Wolves. Wildlife Damage Management Technical Series. USDA, APHIS, WS National Wildlife Research Center. Fort Collins, Colorado. 29p. Abstract Wolf conflicts are primarily related to predation on livestock, pets and other domestic animals, as well as their direct and indirect impacts…Citation Gese, E.M., J.P. Hart, and P.A. Terletzy. 2021. Gray Wolves. Wildlife Damage Management Technical Series. USDA, APHIS, WS National Wildlife Research Center. Fort Collins, Colorado. 29p. Abstract Wolf conflicts are primarily related to predation on livestock, pets and other domestic animals, as well as their direct and indirect impacts on native ungulates (i.e., big game). Economic losses vary widely with some livestock producers facing high levels of depredation in some areas. This publication focuses on wolf ecology, damage, and management, particularly as it relates to wolf depredation on livestock and other conflicts with people. Wolves and people share the same environments more than people realize. In the U.S., wolves are not confined to wilderness areas. Though curious, wolves generally fear people and rarely pose a threat to human safety. Wolf attacks on people are, and always have been, very rare compared to other wildlife species. However, there have been several cases of human injuries and a few deaths due to wolves in North America over the past 100 years. The main factors contributing to these incidents were habituation to people, rabies infections, conditioning to human foods, and the presence of domestic dogs. It is unusual for wild wolves to associate or interact with people, linger near buildings, livestock, or domestic dogs, but it does occur especially in areas of high wolf densities in and around rural communities. This type of behavior may be more prevalent in areas where wolves are not legally harvested. This “bold” behavior is more typical of a habituated or food- conditioned animal, a released captive wolf, or a released wolf-dog hybrid. The scale and scope of wolf depredation on livestock depends on local wolf density; numbers and kinds of livestock; livestock husbandry practices; availability and vulnerability of alternative prey; human density; road density; severity of winters; and local hunting pressure. In many instances, wolves live around livestock without causing damage or only occasional damage. Wolf pack size has been shown to increase the likelihood of depredations on domestic animals, with larger packs more likely to cause damage. Most losses occur between April and October when livestock are on summer pastures or grazing allotments. Cattle, especially calves, are the most common livestock killed by wolves. When wolves kill sheep or domestic poultry, often multiple individuals are killed or injured. As of 2019, stable wolf populations exist in many regions in the U.S., including Alaska, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho, with growing populations in parts of Oregon and Washington (Figures 19, 20). Wolves have recently been documented in northern California and northwestern Colorado. A small population of introduced Mexican wolves exists in Arizona and New Mexico, and a small population of red wolves exists in eastern North Carolina. Both the Mexican and red wolf populations are considered more vulnerable to extinction than other North American wolf populations.
United States Department of Agriculture: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Damage Management Technical Series Date of this Version 2-2018 Document Type Article Citation Marks, D.M. 2018. Mute Swans. Wildlife Damage Management Technical Series. USDA, APHIS, WS National Wildlife Research Center. Fort Collins, Colorado. 14p. Abstract Mute swans (…United States Department of Agriculture: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Damage Management Technical Series Date of this Version 2-2018 Document Type Article Citation Marks, D.M. 2018. Mute Swans. Wildlife Damage Management Technical Series. USDA, APHIS, WS National Wildlife Research Center. Fort Collins, Colorado. 14p. Abstract Mute swans ( Cygnus olor ) are an invasive species originally brought to the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries for ornamental ponds and lakes, zoos and aviculture collections. Original populations were located in northeastern states along the Hudson Valley but have since expanded to several Midwestern states and portions of the western U.S. and Canada. Mute swan damage includes competing with native waterfowl, destroying native plants, spreading disease, and colliding with aircraft. They are also considered a nuisance in some areas due to their abundant fecal droppings and aggressiveness towards people. Mute swans can impact ecosystems by foraging on native plants and competing with native species for food and habitat. Mute swans forage primarily on submerged aquatic vegetation, and each swan consumes 4 to 8 pounds of vegetation per day. While feeding, mute swans use their feet to expose plant shoots and roots for foraging, and to help dislodge food for cygnets (i.e., young swans). This damages aquatic substrates and vegetation surrounding preferred foods. Mute swans typically consume less than 50 percent of what they remove. Results from one study showed their diet overlaps considerably with many native waterfowl species that overwinter in the lower Great Lakes or temporarily use the area during migration. Mute swans are known for their highly territorial behavior during their breeding season, and may compete with native wildlife for space and associated resources. Of particular concern are potential impacts on threatened and endangered species. During the breeding season, mute swans sometimes displace other native waterfowl from preferred nesting locations, and may kill adult and juvenile ducks and geese. During one incident in Maryland, a large molting flock of mute swans caused a colony of least terns ( Sterna antillarum ) and black skimmers ( Rynchops niger ) to abandon a nesting colony by trampling nests, eggs, and chicks. The mute swans also displaced nesting common terns ( Sterna hirundo ). In 2011 in Michigan, a mute swan nest was found in the middle of a black tern ( Chlidonias niger ) colony that had previously supported approximately 54 black terns in 2009. Only a few black tern nests remained, approximately 30 to 40 feet away from the swan nest. DOWNLOADS Since March 03, 2018 COinS
Kelly J. Koriakin , United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado Follow Kurt C. VerCauteren , United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado Follow…Kelly J. Koriakin , United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado Follow Kurt C. VerCauteren , United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado Follow Nathan P. Snow , United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado Follow D. Buck Jolley , United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Guam State Office Citation Proceedings, 31st Vertebrate Pest Conference, paper 10 Published August 30, 2024 Editors: Robert M. Timm and D. M. Woods Abstract Interspecific interactions are crucial in shaping ecosystem dynamics (Connell 1983, Tilman 1987, Barbosa and Castellanos 2005). Non-native ungulates have been introduced across the globe (Ferretti and Lovari 2014, Volery et al. 2021) and in environments where multiple invasives thrive, these co-occurring sympatric species may shift spatiotemporal patterns to minimize interspecific competition (Schoener 1974, Chesson 2000). Spatiotemporal shifts can lead to cascading effects to the native flora and fauna (Simberloff and Von Holle 1999). Given the potential negative impacts, understanding these interactions is vital for effective management of these ecosystems. Two invasive ungulates, the wild pig ( Sus scrofa ) and the Philippine deer ( Rusa marianna ), have inhabited much of Guam since their introduction in the 1600s and 1700s (Intoh 1986, Wiles et al. 1999) and both have been associated with significant ecological damage throughout the island (Conroy 1989). Despite sharing similar invasive roles, they seemingly coexist throughout areas of Guam. Subsequently, efforts are increasingly put forth to remove both species from partitioned areas at one time. To aid these efforts and understand invasive species interactions, we studied the seasonal spatiotemporal patterns of wild pigs and Philippine deer during February 2021-March 2022. Specifically, we used GPS collars from 39 wild pigs and 22 deer to examine spatial and temporal partitioning and assess dynamic spatiotemporal interactions between interspecific dyads at seasonal scales. We investigated spatial partitioning of wild pigs and deer by estimating the spatial overlap between home ranges and core areas of interspecific neighboring dyads. We estimated temporal overlap in diel activity to evaluate temporal partitioning between the species. Lastly, we examined dynamic spatiotemporal interactions, those that occur simultaneously in space and time, by estimating movement interactions between neighboring interspecific dyads to understand attraction and avoidance. We found spatial overlap between the species decreased significantly in core areas compared to home ranges in both seasons. Within home ranges, deer were approximately 3 times more likely to be within pig ranges than vice versa. This effect diminished at core areas such that deer were only 1.3× more likely to be within pig core ranges than vice versa. Temporal overlap of activity between wild pigs and deer was very high during dry and wet seasons, with overlapping activity peaks during crepuscular hours. At a critical distance threshold of 50m, we estimated 77 movement interactions from 58 dyad pairs over 3 seasons and found that only 2 (2.6%) and 4 (5.2%) movement interactions were considered avoidant and attractive, respectively, and the remaining 71 interactions (92.2%) were neutral. Our results showed that, while not extensive, spatial overlap between wild pigs and deer occurred between home ranges. More exclusive use of core areas suggests that spatial partitioning of these smaller space use areas might serve as one mechanism facilitating coexistence between wild pigs and Philippine deer. Additionally, we did not see any evidence of temporal partitioning or avoidance between wild pigs and deer. Using this knowledge, managers can maximize efficiency of managing invasive ungulates by combining efforts during crepuscular hours when both species are most active. Management activities to remove these species simultaneously may be most effective in areas of known spatial overlap (i.e., home range overlap) and, if that is unknown, managers should default to removal efforts within deer ranges as the odds of encountering both species is higher than in pig’s home ranges.
United States Department of Agriculture: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Damage Management Technical Series Date of this Version 8-2020 Document Type Article Citation Glow, M.P., K.C. VerCauteren, and N.P. Snow. 2020. Feral Swine. Wildlife Damage Management Technical Series. USDA, APHIS, WS National Wildlife Research Center. Fort Collins, Colorado.…United States Department of Agriculture: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Damage Management Technical Series Date of this Version 8-2020 Document Type Article Citation Glow, M.P., K.C. VerCauteren, and N.P. Snow. 2020. Feral Swine. Wildlife Damage Management Technical Series. USDA, APHIS, WS National Wildlife Research Center. Fort Collins, Colorado. 21p. Abstract Feral swine (Sus scrofa; Figure 1), also known as feral hogs, feral pigs, wild pigs, wild boar, or other similar derivations, are a non-native species considered to be one of the most destructive invasive terrestrial vertebrates in North America. While feral swine populations remained relatively small and confined in the continental United States following initial introductions by European explorers during the 15th century, substantial range expansion has occurred across every geographical region of the United States (Figure 2). This expansion has primarily been attributed to human-mediated movements, predominately for the purpose of establishing populations for recreational hunting, and facilitated by feral swine’s highly adaptable biological and behavioral traits (e.g., habitat generalist, opportunistic omnivore, extremely high reproductive rate). Consequently, ecological, agricultural, and urban/suburban damages and human health and safety risks have increased substantially across the United States, requiring extensive management efforts to mitigate their destructive impacts. DOWNLOADS Since August 11, 2020 COinS
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Extension professionals play a critical role in translating wildlife research into on-the-ground conservation action. This webinar will introduce the Extension mission, explore what Natural Resources Extension Agents do in both urban and rural counties, and highlight common wildlife issues faced by communities. We will also discuss practical ways The Wildlife…Extension professionals play a critical role in translating wildlife research into on-the-ground conservation action. This webinar will introduce the Extension mission, explore what Natural Resources Extension Agents do in both urban and rural counties, and highlight common wildlife issues faced by communities. We will also discuss practical ways The Wildlife The post Connecting Wildlife Science, Communities and Conservation appeared first on The Wildlife Society.
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London, U.K.-based Cinven, an international private equity firm, recently announced that it will sell a minority stake in Envu. Cinven will remain the majority investor, other financial details were not disclosed. Envu specializes in environmental science, offering solutions to foster healthier environments, manage pests and control vector-borne diseases. The company…London, U.K.-based Cinven, an international private equity firm, recently announced that it will sell a minority stake in Envu. Cinven will remain the majority investor, other financial details were not disclosed. Envu specializes in environmental science, offering solutions to foster healthier environments, manage pests and control vector-borne diseases. The company offers a differentiated proposition, as […] The post Cinven welcomes strategic minority investment in Envu from GIC first appeared on Pest Management Professional.
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