Raccoon Removal Deer Park Raccoon removal in Deer Park, TX is a common need for homeowners and businesses dealing with nighttime noise, attic damage, or overturned trash cans. Deer Park’s mix of residential neighborhoods, tree-lined areas, and nearby waterways creates an ideal habitat for raccoons searching for food and shelter.…Raccoon Removal Deer Park Raccoon removal in Deer Park, TX is a common need for homeowners and businesses dealing with nighttime noise, attic damage, or overturned trash cans. Deer Park’s mix of residential neighborhoods, tree-lined areas, and nearby waterways creates an ideal habitat for raccoons searching for food and shelter. Once they find access points in roofs, vents, or chimneys, they can quickly settle into attics and create disruptive and costly problems. In this playlist, AAAC Wildlife Removal of TX Gulf Coast breaks down how raccoons behave in urban and suburban environments like Deer Park. These animals are intelligent, persistent, and surprisingly skilled at finding weak spots in structures. Common signs of raccoon activity include heavy footsteps at night, torn insulation, scratching noises, and visible damage around roof edges or entry points. Effective raccoon removal requires a careful and humane approach. Our process focuses on identifying how raccoons are entering the property, safely removing the animals, and implementing exclusion techniques to help prevent them from returning. Since raccoons can cause structural damage and leave behind contamination, addressing the problem early is key to avoiding more extensive repairs. This playlist is designed to help Deer Park residents better understand raccoon behavior and the importance of professional removal services. Whether you are actively dealing with a raccoon issue or want to protect your property from future intrusions, AAAC Wildlife Removal of TX Gulf Coast provides practical insights and trusted solutions to help keep homes and businesses safe, secure, and wildlife free. More on Sound Cloud: https://soundcloud.com/aaac-wildlife-removal/sets/aaac-wildlife-removal-deer-park On YouTube: AAAC Wildlife Removal of TX Gulf Coast provides professional and humane raccoon removal services in Deer Park, Texas. Contact Us: AAAC Wildlife Removal 726 Gou Hole Rd Baytown, TX 77523 832-662-7677 Website: https://txgulfcoast.aaacwildliferemoval.com Email: txgulfcoast@aaacwildliferemoval.com Find us around the web: YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCbOS5l-xSWQIho_arDIY52Q Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/aaacwildliferemovaltxgulfcoast/ Twitter: https://x.com/ric79352 SoundCloud: https://soundcloud.com/aaactxgulfcoast Blogger: https://aaactxgulfcoast.blogspot.com/ WordPress: https://aaactxgulfcoast.wordpress.com/ Tumblr: https://aaacwildliferemovaltexas.tumblr.com/
“Chocolate, avocados, onions, and moldy foods are some of the most poisonous items you can leave out for squirrels. Even small amounts of these everyday ingredients can cause serious health issues—or be fatal—for these sensitive rodents.” Squirrels may look harmless scampering across your fence or chasing each other up a…“Chocolate, avocados, onions, and moldy foods are some of the most poisonous items you can leave out for squirrels. Even small amounts of these everyday ingredients can cause serious health issues—or be fatal—for these sensitive rodents.” Squirrels may look harmless scampering across your fence or chasing each other up a tree, but when they show up in your attic or tear through your garden, that charm disappears fast. In leafy neighborhoods where parks are close by and backyard bird feeders are everywhere, it’s no surprise that squirrels are regular visitors—and sometimes uninvited tenants. While many people enjoy watching them or even tossing out food, what you leave behind can actually be dangerous to squirrels—and a bigger headache for you without proper squirrel control . This article isn’t about harming wildlife. It’s about knowing what food is poisonous to squirrels so you don’t accidentally invite them in or make them sick. If you’ve been leaving out scraps, filling feeders, or composting without thinking twice, there’s a good chance you’re creating a squirrel buffet without even realizing it. Let’s break down what to avoid, what to secure, and how to protect both your home and the squirrels from a bad encounter. What Is The Most Dangerous Foods for Squirrels? Chocolate and Caffeinated Products Chocolate is one of the most toxic substances you can accidentally leave out for squirrels or any rodent. It contains theobromine—a stimulant that these small animals can’t metabolize effectively. Just a small amount from a brownie, chocolate almond bar, or sugar-filled candy can trigger tremors, elevated heart rate, or seizures in squirrels. Since they have such fast metabolisms and tiny bodies, the toxic effects hit hard and fast, often with serious consequences. Caffeinated foods and drinks are equally dangerous. Coffee grounds , soda spills, or chocolate-covered espresso beans tossed into a compost pile can be life-threatening if a squirrel gets into them. Where outdoor parties and backyard BBQs are common, it’s easy for sugary or caffeine-rich snacks to end up where rodents roam. To keep squirrels safe and your property clear of unwelcome visitors, make it a habit to clean up thoroughly and store all sweet or stimulant-laced foods securely. Avocados Avocados contain persin, a fungicidal toxin found in the fruit’s skin, pit, and even its leaves. While persin might not harm humans, it can be toxic to many animals, including squirrels. The risk isn’t just in eating an avocado—squirrels that nibble on a discarded peel, chewed seed, or exposed pit can experience digestive issues or worse. What makes this even more concerning is how easily avocado waste can be overlooked, especially in compost bins. If you’re growing avocado trees or preparing guacamole from scratch, this is something to stay mindful of. As urban farming and composting become more popular, the risk of accidentally exposing squirrels to this toxic fruit increases. Make sure avocado scraps are properly sealed or discarded, and if you have a tree, regularly clear fallen fruit from the yard. It’s better to be safe than to unknowingly poison a local animal. Onions, Garlic, and Spicy Foods While these aromatic kitchen staples may keep your chili full of flavor, they spell serious trouble for squirrels. Onions and garlic contain compounds that can damage red blood cells, leading to anemia and other health complications. The danger extends to cooked dishes, too. If a squirrel gets into leftover food seasoned with garlic or onions, even in small amounts, it can suffer lasting effects. In worst cases, repeated exposure can be fatal over time. Spicy foods also pack a punch that squirrels can’t handle. Hot sauce remnants, chili powder, or discarded tacos can cause severe digestive distress. Where spicy dishes are a staple, food waste often ends up in outdoor bins or compost piles. Make sure spicy scraps are stored in critter-proof containers, and avoid tossing seasoned leftovers near your patio or yard. The goal isn’t just to avoid harming squirrels—it’s to stop inviting them altogether. Alcohol and Fermented Fruit Alcohol might seem like an unlikely threat to wildlife, but squirrels are highly sensitive to it. Whether it’s beer spills from a tailgate, wine left out on the porch, or sugary cocktails left on patio tables, these drinks can lead to disorientation, slowed reaction time, and eventually liver failure in squirrels. Their small bodies can’t handle even trace amounts, and it doesn’t take much to put them in serious danger. Another sneaky culprit? Overripe or fermenting fruit, especially in backyards with peach, fig, or persimmon trees. As the fruit falls and begins to break down, it can release natural alcohols that attract squirrels and get them intoxicated. They may stagger, fall from trees, or become easy prey for predators. Regularly clean up fruit from the ground and keep alcoholic beverages secure during outdoor events. Salty Snacks and Chips Salt is another ingredient that can easily disrupt a squirrel’s internal balance. While humans can handle a salty snack during a football game or backyard hangout, squirrels don’t process salt well. Even a few bites of junk food like chips, pretzels, or salted walnut snacks can dehydrate them and overwork their kidneys. These types of treats also contain added sugar and artificial ingredients that offer zero nutritional value for squirrels—making them both harmful and useless from a dietary perspective. Many of these items—especially sugary breakfast cereals or processed snack mixes—are casually dropped or tossed outside without much thought. But to a hungry squirrel, that forgotten bowl of cereal or spilled trail mix is a full meal. Where outdoor events, food trucks, and weekend cookouts are part of the culture, squirrels quickly learn where the good stuff is. Cleaning up sugary crumbs and sealing snack waste tightly are easy steps that help discourage squirrels from turning your yard into their favorite buffet line. Surprising “Healthy” Foods That Still Poisonous To Squirrels Not all squirrel-dangerous foods are obviously harmful. Some look totally natural or even nutritious—but for squirrels, they can cause more harm than good. These foods often show up in gardens, bird feeders, compost piles, or well-meaning attempts to “feed the wildlife.” Here’s what to watch for. Raw Corn (Especially Moldy Corn) Corn might seem harmless—it’s a common ingredient in bird seed, livestock feed, and even human snacks. But when corn starts to mold, it can develop aflatoxins, which are highly toxic to squirrels and many other animals. Aflatoxins are produced by certain types of fungi and can affect liver function, immune systems, and even lead to cancer in wildlife. A squirrel doesn’t have to eat much moldy corn for it to cause serious internal damage. The risk goes up during warm, humid stretches—especially in summer—when moisture speeds up mold growth. Corn that’s left outside for too long, stored improperly in feeders, or tossed into compost piles can quickly become a hidden hazard. If you’re putting out corn in a feeder, store it in a dry place, change it frequently, and never offer anything that smells off or looks discolored. It’s not just about nutrition—it’s about safety. Bread and Processed Carbs Bread might feel like a safe, throwaway snack for critters—but it’s actually a poor and potentially harmful food choice for squirrels. Bread, crackers, and other refined carbs offer little to no nutrition, and they can expand in a squirrel’s stomach, leading to bloating or discomfort. In some cases, processed bread products contain preservatives and additives that are hard for squirrels to digest, weakening their system over time. Squirrels that eat too much bread often end up malnourished despite feeling full. This is especially common in neighborhoods where residents leave out food “just to be nice.” Unfortunately, the kindness backfires. Instead of helping, you may be attracting squirrels that grow dependent on an unhealthy food source—and more likely to take up permanent residence in your attic. If you want to be squirrel-friendly, stick to natural deterrents and avoid the bread basket. Peanuts (Especially Salted or Moldy) Peanuts are a bit of a wildcard. While they’re often seen in squirrel food blends or used to lure wildlife for photos, they aren’t actually nuts—they’re legumes. And when they’re salted, roasted, or worse, moldy, they become a serious risk. Moldy peanuts, like corn, can carry aflatoxins that attack a squirrel’s liver and immune system. Salted peanuts, on the other hand, can cause dehydration and kidney stress. This matters because many people use peanuts to feed birds or squirrels without realizing the risks. In fact, some birdseed mixes from big-box stores still include them. If you’re trying to keep squirrels away from your yard—or avoid poisoning them by accident—skip the peanuts. And if you must use them, go for raw, unsalted, and fresh, and use a squirrel-proof bird feeder so your effort to help one species doesn’t endanger another. Foods That Attract Squirrels (But Shouldn’t) Some foods might not be poisonous, but they’re basically neon signs saying “Free Snacks Here!” for squirrels. These attractants can lead to more frequent visits, nesting, and eventual infestations. If you’re trying to squirrel-proof your yard or keep them from invading your home, these are the items to manage carefully. Bird Seed and Pet Food Bird feeders are one of the top culprits for squirrel problems. Many blends contain sunflower seeds, millet, corn, and peanuts—aka squirrel candy. Once they find a reliable food source, squirrels will return again and again, sometimes destroying the feeder in the process. The same goes for pet food left outside. Dry kibble and wet food alike are high-protein, calorie-dense meals that squirrels will happily devour. Where backyard birdwatching is popular and outdoor pet bowls are commo
Yes, those little bandits can! Welcome to the wild world of raccoons! If you’ve ever caught yourself wondering, “Can a raccoon open a door?” you’re in the right place. These mischievous masked bandits have a knack for getting into places they shouldn’t be, and today, we’re diving deep into their…Yes, those little bandits can! Welcome to the wild world of raccoons! If you’ve ever caught yourself wondering, “Can a raccoon open a door?” you’re in the right place. These mischievous masked bandits have a knack for getting into places they shouldn’t be, and today, we’re diving deep into their curious capabilities. Spoiler alert: the answer might surprise you. Raccoons are more than just adorable critters with bushy tails and a penchant for raiding trash cans. They’re incredibly smart and dexterous, capable of feats that would make a seasoned escape artist jealous. Whether you’re dealing with a persistent backyard visitor or you’re just fascinated by animal behavior, understanding how raccoons operate can be both entertaining and enlightening. In this article, we’ll explore the intelligence and dexterity of raccoons, share some jaw-dropping real-life stories of raccoon break-ins, and explain exactly how they manage to open doors. Plus, we’ll provide practical tips on how to raccoon-proof your home to keep these furry burglars at bay. Key Takeaways Raccoons are incredibly dexterous and intelligent. They can indeed open simple latches and doors. Preventing raccoons from entering your home requires some clever strategies. The Cleverness of Raccoons Alright, let’s dive into the world of raccoons and their surprisingly sharp wits. These little furballs are more than just cute faces; they’re like tiny, masked geniuses running wild in your backyard. Intelligence Raccoons are famous for their problem-solving skills. You know how some people can solve a Rubik’s Cube in under a minute? Well, raccoons could probably give them a run for their money if they had the right motivation (like, say, a juicy piece of fruit). Studies have shown that raccoons can remember solutions to tasks for at least three years. Yup, three years! Imagine holding a grudge against that tricky garbage can that long. Dexterity Let’s talk about those paws. Raccoons have incredibly nimble paws that function almost like human hands. They can grasp, pull, push, and twist with surprising precision. Have you ever seen a raccoon washing its food in water before eating it? That’s not just them being neat freaks; it’s a sign of their intricate motor skills and their natural curiosity about the world around them. These furry critters can open jars, unlatch simple locks, and even unzip bags. Their front paws have five toes, each with tiny, super-sensitive pads that help them feel and manipulate objects. It’s like they’ve got built-in multitools at the end of their arms. In essence, raccoons are like the escape artists of the animal kingdom. Combine their smarts with their dexterous paws, and you’ve got a creature that’s more than capable of figuring out how to open doors, especially if there’s a tasty reward on the other side. Real-life Raccoon Door-Opening Stories Now that we’ve established just how clever and dexterous raccoons are, let’s get into some real-life escapades that prove these little critters are true masterminds. Anecdotes from Homeowners and Researchers The Midnight Snack Heist Picture this: It’s 2 AM, and you’re woken up by a strange noise coming from the kitchen. You tiptoe down the hall, flick on the light, and there it is—a raccoon, halfway through the cat door, with its paws on the refrigerator handle. This isn’t just an urban legend. Many homeowners have shared stories of raccoons making themselves at home, raiding pantries, and even figuring out how to open the fridge to get to the good stuff. The Campground Bandit Camping in the great outdoors brings you close to nature, but sometimes, a little too close. There are countless tales of raccoons breaking into tents and RVs, zipping open backpacks, and rummaging through coolers. One camper reported waking up to find a raccoon calmly unzipping their tent and strolling in like it owned the place. They even managed to twist open a jar of peanut butter, leaving behind only the lid and some very happy paw prints. Security Camera Caught in the Act Thanks to modern technology, we now have footage of raccoons in action. One homeowner’s security camera captured a raccoon expertly opening a sliding glass door. It took its time, carefully figuring out how to manipulate the door until it slid open just enough for the raccoon to squeeze through. The raccoon then proceeded to explore the kitchen, obviously searching for a midnight snack. Talk about a determined dinner guest! Examples of Raccoons Caught in the Act The Garage Raider In one viral video, a raccoon is seen figuring out how to open a garage door by manipulating the automatic opener. It climbs up, pushes buttons, and eventually, the door starts to lift. The raccoon casually strolls in, as if it’s done this a thousand times before. The homeowner was baffled and impressed, while viewers were left wondering just how often raccoons practice their break-in skills. The Window Climber Another fascinating clip shows a raccoon scaling the side of a house to reach an open window. Using its nimble paws and sharp claws, it navigates the exterior with ease. Once at the window, it carefully pushes it open further and slips inside. The homeowner, upon discovering the raccoon’s entry route, couldn’t help but admire the sheer audacity and skill of the furry invader. How Raccoons Open Doors Alright, now that we’ve marveled at some real-life raccoon antics, let’s get into the nitty-gritty of how these clever critters actually manage to open doors. It’s not magic—just pure raccoon ingenuity and a bit of dexterity. Latch and Handle Types: Which Ones Are Raccoon-Friendly? Lever Handles Lever handles are like a red carpet invitation for raccoons. With just a bit of weight and a little push or pull, raccoons can easily manipulate these handles to open doors. Their paws grip the lever, they lean their body weight in the right direction, and voila—the door swings open. Simple Latches Slide bolts and hook-and-eye latches might seem secure, but they’re often no match for a determined raccoon. Using their nimble fingers, raccoons can slide bolts and unhook latches with surprising ease. If a latch requires just a bit of dexterity to open, a raccoon will likely figure it out. Round Knobs Now, these are a bit trickier. While round knobs are more challenging for raccoons to manipulate, they’re not entirely foolproof. A particularly persistent raccoon might manage to turn a knob by applying enough grip and twisting motion. However, they’re far less successful with knobs compared to levers and simple latches. Techniques: How They Use Their Paws and Bodies to Manipulate Mechanisms Pushing and Pulling Raccoons often use their body weight to their advantage. For lever handles, they’ll jump up, grip the handle, and use their weight to push it down. If a door requires pulling, they might use their paws to grip the edge and pull it towards them. Twisting and Turning When it comes to knobs and more complex mechanisms, raccoons showcase their impressive problem-solving skills. They’ll grip the knob with their paws and twist their bodies to apply the necessary torque. It’s like watching a tiny, furry engineer at work. Climbing and Scaling If a latch is placed higher up, raccoons won’t hesitate to climb to reach it. They’ll scale doors, walls, and anything in their path to get to the latch. Once there, they’ll use their paws to manipulate the mechanism and gain entry. Experimentation and Persistence Raccoons are nothing if not persistent. They’ll try different approaches until they find one that works. If one method fails, they’ll adjust and try again. This trial-and-error process is key to their success in opening doors. Tools and Tricks Sharp Claws Those sharp claws aren’t just for show. They provide the grip and leverage needed to manipulate handles and latches. Think of them as nature’s built-in lock picks. Sensitive Paws Raccoons’ paws are incredibly sensitive, allowing them to feel and manipulate objects with precision. This sensitivity is crucial for figuring out how to operate different door mechanisms. Keen Memory Once a raccoon figures out how to open a door, it remembers the technique. This means if a raccoon successfully opens your door once, it’s likely to do it again. Their impressive memory allows them to recall the steps needed to gain entry, making them repeat offenders in the door-opening game. Preventing Raccoon Break-ins Now that we know just how capable raccoons are at breaking and entering, let’s talk about keeping these crafty critters out of your home. You don’t have to resort to extreme measures—just a few smart strategies and precautions can make all the difference. Secure Your Doors Upgrade Your Locks Swap out those easy-to-open lever handles and simple latches for something more raccoon-proof. Deadbolts and round knobs are a good start. Make sure they’re properly installed and secured. For sliding doors, consider adding a security bar or rod in the track. Childproof Locks Childproofing isn’t just for kids. Install childproof locks on doors and windows to add an extra layer of security. These locks can be tricky for raccoons to figure out and will buy you some peace of mind. Reinforce Weak Spots Pay attention to any weak spots in your doors and frames. Ensure that everything is solid and there are no easy access points for raccoons to exploit. A well-fortified entryway is your first line of defense. Alternative Entry Points Windows Raccoons are excellent climbers and won’t hesitate to use a window as an entry point. Make sure all windows are securely latched, and consider installing window guards or screens that are tough enough to withstand raccoon tampering. Pet Doors Pet doors are convenient for your furry friends but can also be an open invitation for raccoons. Consider getting a pet door with a lock or one that uses a pet’s microchip to open. This way, only your pet can use the door, keeping unwanted visitors out. Chimneys and Vents Raccoons have been k
Raccoon Removal Baytown AAAC Wildlife Removal of Texas Gulf Coast is a reputable and reliable company offering top-notch Raccoon Removal services to customers in Baytown, Texas. With years of experience in the industry, they have established themselves as the go-to solution for all raccoon-related issues, providing swift and effective removal…Raccoon Removal Baytown AAAC Wildlife Removal of Texas Gulf Coast is a reputable and reliable company offering top-notch Raccoon Removal services to customers in Baytown, Texas. With years of experience in the industry, they have established themselves as the go-to solution for all raccoon-related issues, providing swift and effective removal services when it matters most. Raccoons can be a nuisance and a threat to both residential and commercial properties. They can cause damage to structures, contaminate food, and spread diseases. When faced with a raccoon infestation, time is of the essence, and AAAC Wildlife Removal of Texas Gulf Coast understands this better than anyone else. Their team of licensed and experienced technicians is available 24/7, ensuring that help is just a phone call away. What sets AAAC Wildlife Removal of Texas Gulf Coast apart from the competition is their humane and eco-friendly approach to raccoon removal. They understand the importance of protecting both the customer's property and the well-being of the raccoons. Their technicians are trained to safely and humanely remove raccoons using non-lethal methods, such as live trapping and relocation. AAAC Wildlife Removal of Texas Gulf Coast also offers comprehensive and long-term solutions to prevent future raccoon infestations. They conduct a thorough inspection of the property to identify potential entry points and provide recommendations on how to seal them off effectively. This proactive approach ensures that customers do not have to deal with recurring raccoon problems. The technicians at AAAC Wildlife Removal of Texas Gulf Coast are not only skilled in raccoon removal but also in handling other wildlife issues. They have the knowledge and expertise to handle a wide range of wildlife removal services, including bat removal, squirrel removal, bird control, and more. Moreover, AAAC Wildlife Removal of Texas Gulf Coast values transparency and customer satisfaction. They provide upfront and honest estimates, ensuring that customers are aware of the costs involved before any work begins. Their competitive pricing and commitment to quality service make them a trusted and preferred choice for raccoon removal in Baytown, Texas. In conclusion, AAAC Wildlife Removal of Texas Gulf Coast is a reliable and efficient solution for raccoon removal services in Baytown, Texas. Their humane approach, expertise in wildlife removal, and dedication to customer satisfaction make them the go-to choice for all raccoon-related issues. Customers can trust AAAC Wildlife Removal of Texas Gulf Coast to provide swift and effective solutions, ensuring a safe and raccoon-free environment. More on Sound Cloud: On YouTube: AAAC Wildlife Removal of Texas Gulf Coast provides professional and humane raccoon removal services in Baytown, Texas. Contact Us: AAAC Wildlife Removal 726 Gou Hole Rd Baytown, TX 77523 832-662-7677 Website: https://txgulfcoast.aaacwildliferemoval.com Email: txgulfcoast@aaacwildliferemoval.com Find us around the web: YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCbOS5l-xSWQIho_arDIY52Q Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/aaacwildliferemovaltxgulfcoast/ Twitter: https://x.com/ric79352 SoundCloud: https://soundcloud.com/aaactxgulfcoast Blogger: https://aaactxgulfcoast.blogspot.com/ WordPress: https://aaactxgulfcoast.wordpress.com/ Tumblr: https://aaacwildliferemovaltexas.tumblr.com/
United States Department of Agriculture: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications Aakash Pandey , Michigan State University Follow Chris Wojan , University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Abigail Feuka , United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service,…United States Department of Agriculture: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications Aakash Pandey , Michigan State University Follow Chris Wojan , University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Abigail Feuka , United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado Follow Meggan E. Craft , University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Kezia Manlove , Utah State University Follow Kim M. Pepin , United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado Follow Document Type Article Date of this Version 2024 Citation Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (2024) 379: 20220532 doi: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0532 Supplemental material is appended as well as available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7389792 Abstract Social and spatial structures of host populations play important roles in pathogen transmission. For environmentally transmitted pathogens, the host space use interacts with both the host social structure and the pathogen’s environmental persistence (which determines the timelag across which two hosts can transmit). Together, these factors shape the epidemiological dynamics of environmentally transmitted pathogens. While the importance of both social and spatial structures and environmental pathogen persistence has long been recognized in epidemiology, they are often considered separately. A better understanding of how these factors interact to determine disease dynamics is required for developing robust surveillance and management strategies. Here, we use a simple agent-based model where we vary host mobility (spatial), host gregariousness (social) and pathogen decay (environmental persistence), each from low to high levels to uncover how they affect epidemiological dynamics. By comparing epidemic peak, time to epidemic peak and final epidemic size, we show that longer infectious periods, higher group mobility, larger group size and longer pathogen persistence lead to larger, faster growing outbreaks, and explore how these processes interact to determine epidemiological outcomes such as the epidemic peak and the final epidemic size. We identify general principles that can be used for planning surveillance and control for wildlife host–pathogen systems with environmental transmission across a range of spatial behavior, social structure and pathogen decay rates. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The spatial–social interface: a theoretical and empirical integration.’ DOWNLOADS Since November 23, 2024 Included in Natural Resources and Conservation Commons , Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons , Other Environmental Sciences Commons , Other Veterinary Medicine Commons , Population Biology Commons , Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons , Veterinary Infectious Diseases Commons , Veterinary Microbiology and Immunobiology Commons , Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Epidemiology, and Public Health Commons , Zoology Commons COinS
A rabbit staying in your yard usually means it’s found food, shelter, and safety. It may also be nesting nearby or using the area to feed regularly. Rabbits might seem like quiet, harmless guests, but when one keeps hanging around your yard, it’s worth paying attention. What starts as a…A rabbit staying in your yard usually means it’s found food, shelter, and safety. It may also be nesting nearby or using the area to feed regularly. Rabbits might seem like quiet, harmless guests, but when one keeps hanging around your yard, it’s worth paying attention. What starts as a cute sighting can quickly turn into garden damage, hidden nests, or even a rabbit family settling in for the long haul. In this guide, we’ll break down why rabbits choose certain yards, what their behavior means, and how to tell when it’s time to step in, or call a wildlife expert for help. Learn more: What kills rabbits in your yard? What does it mean when a rabbit stays in your yard? If a rabbit keeps returning or settles in your yard, it’s likely found a perfect mix of food, shelter, and safety. Yards with garden beds, tall grass, bushes, or open compost piles are basically rabbit paradise; easy to hide in, easy to eat from, and mostly undisturbed. In some cases, the rabbit may have a nest nearby or be preparing to raise young, especially during spring and summer. Their presence often signals that your property is part of their regular routine or territory, which means they could be sticking around longer than you’d expect. Why do rabbits choose certain yards over others? Rabbits are picky about where they settle, and they’re naturally drawn to yards that feel quiet, lush, and protected. If your yard has tall grass, dense shrubs, woodpiles, or low-traffic areas, it becomes a cozy shelter from predators and harsh weather. They’re also big fans of easily accessible food like vegetable gardens, flowerbeds, birdseed, and even fallen fruit. Add in a water source like a birdbath or dripping hose, and your yard becomes a full-service bunny buffet that’s hard for them to resist. Should you be concerned about a rabbit staying in your yard? At first glance, a rabbit might not seem like a problem; but over time, they can cause real damage. Rabbits love to chew on tender plants, dig around garden beds, and nibble bark off young trees, which can ruin your landscaping and even kill certain plants. There’s also the potential for bigger issues, like attracting predators such as foxes, hawks, or coyotes that follow prey animals into residential areas. Plus, if one rabbit feels comfortable enough to stick around, it may be a sign that more are on the way, especially during breeding season. How can you tell if there’s a rabbit nest nearby? Rabbit nests are often hidden in plain sight and can be easy to miss if you don’t know what to look for. They typically appear as shallow depressions in the ground, lightly covered with grass, leaves, and tufts of fur pulled from the mother rabbit’s belly to insulate her young. You might also notice increased rabbit activity in a specific area, such as repeated visits to the same patch of lawn or garden bed. If you see disturbed mulch, narrow trails in tall grass, or sudden movement from a hiding rabbit, there’s a good chance a nest is nearby. What should you do if a rabbit won’t leave? If a rabbit keeps returning to your yard, the first step is to remove anything that’s making it feel at home. Keep your lawn trimmed, secure your garden with fencing, clean up fallen fruit or birdseed, and remove brush piles or low-lying shrubs where they might hide. Avoid handling or disturbing a rabbit nest directly, especially if babies are present. Instead, use gentle deterrents like motion-activated sprinklers, reflective garden tape, or predator scent granules to make your yard less appealing without harming the animal. When should you call a wildlife removal expert? You should contact a wildlife expert if a rabbit has nested too close to your home, refuses to leave despite deterrents, or is causing noticeable damage. Nests near walkways, patios, or dog runs can create stress for the animal and risk for pets or small children. Professionals can assess the situation, safely relocate the rabbit if necessary, and help you secure your yard to prevent future visits. They’ll also make sure all actions follow local wildlife laws, which often protect rabbits and restrict how they can be handled. How AAAC Wildlife Removal helps with rabbit problems At AAAC Wildlife Removal , we specialize in humane, effective solutions for managing unwanted wildlife, including rabbits that have overstayed their welcome. Our team begins with a full property inspection to identify hiding spots, feeding areas, and signs of nesting, then creates a custom plan tailored to your yard. We use safe relocation practices, secure any entry points or shelter zones, and offer expert advice on long-term prevention. Whether it’s a single rabbit or an entire family, we’ll help restore balance to your outdoor space without harming the animals or your landscape. Stop the Spread Before It Starts Seeing a rabbit lounging in your yard might seem harmless at first, but it’s often a sign that your property has become a hotspot for nesting, feeding, or long-term shelter. Left unchecked, one quiet visitor can lead to plant damage, predator attraction, or even a full-blown rabbit colony. Understanding what draws rabbits in, and how to respond, makes all the difference. With the right mix of prevention and professional help from AAAC Wildlife Removal, you can keep your yard safe, clean, and bunny-free without harming local wildlife. Ready to Reclaim Your Yard from Unwanted Rabbits? If a rabbit has made your yard its new hangout; or worse, its nesting ground, it’s time to call in the pros at AAAC Wildlife Removal. We’ll safely assess the situation, remove the problem, and help you rabbit-proof your property for good. Don’t wait for one bunny to turn into many. Contact AAAC Wildlife Removal today for fast, humane, and effective rabbit control you can trust.
Got rats in your garden? Here’s how to send them packing! Ever find yourself admiring your blooming roses or freshly sprouted veggies, only to spot an unwelcome furry guest scurrying about? Yep, rats in the garden – the uninvited party crashers no one wants to deal with. I’ve been there,…Got rats in your garden? Here’s how to send them packing! Ever find yourself admiring your blooming roses or freshly sprouted veggies, only to spot an unwelcome furry guest scurrying about? Yep, rats in the garden – the uninvited party crashers no one wants to deal with. I’ve been there, and trust me, it’s not just you. These sneaky critters seem to have a knack for turning our peaceful green spaces into their personal playgrounds. But fear not! Whether you’re a seasoned gardener or just starting out, handling a rat problem can be as easy as planting your favorite marigolds. We’ll dive into the why, the how, and the “get out of my garden!” of rat control. By the end of this, you’ll be armed with all the tips and tricks you need to reclaim your green oasis from those pesky intruders. Key Takeaways Quick and actionable methods to deter and eliminate rats. Preventative measures to keep rats from returning. Pros and cons of natural vs. chemical solutions. Understanding the Enemy Alright, let’s get to know these garden invaders a bit better. Understanding why rats are attracted to your garden and how to spot their presence is the first step in sending them packing. Why Rats Are Attracted to Gardens Food Sources – Rats are opportunistic feeders and your garden can be a buffet for them. Fallen fruits, vegetables, seeds, and even pet food can attract these pests. Shelter – Gardens provide plenty of hiding spots. Overgrown plants, compost heaps, and piles of debris are perfect nesting sites. Water – Rats need water to survive. Birdbaths, leaky hoses, or even pet water bowls can be a draw. Common Signs of Rat Activity Droppings Look for small, dark, pellet-shaped droppings around your garden. They’re usually concentrated in areas where rats are active. Gnaw Marks Rats need to constantly gnaw to keep their teeth in check. Check for chewed-up fruits, vegetables, and even garden tools or structures. Burrows Rats love to dig. Look for holes in the ground, particularly along walls, under compost piles, or near sheds and other structures. Nests These can be found in hidden spots like under dense foliage, inside compost heaps, or in any cluttered area where they feel safe. Tracks and Smudge Marks In dusty areas, you might see their footprints or tail drag marks. Also, look for greasy smudge marks along walls or fences, left by their oily fur. Immediate Actions to Take Alright, garden warriors, it’s time to roll up those sleeves and take some immediate action. The sooner we make your garden a less inviting place for rats, the better. Here are some quick and effective steps to start with: Clean Up Your Garden Remove Debris Rats love to hide in piles of leaves, wood, and other garden debris. Clear away any clutter and keep your garden tidy. Harvest Promptly Pick ripe fruits and vegetables as soon as they’re ready. Fallen produce is an open invitation for rats. Trim Overgrown Plants Keep your plants trimmed and well-maintained. Dense vegetation can provide perfect hiding spots for rats. Secure Compost Bins and Garbage Cans Use Rat-Proof Containers Make sure your compost bins and garbage cans are sealed and rat-proof. Metal or heavy-duty plastic containers with tight-fitting lids work best. Avoid Composting Certain Foods Don’t compost meat, fish, or dairy products, as these can attract rats. Stick to vegetable scraps, leaves, and garden waste. Eliminate Water Sources Fix Leaks Check for and repair any leaky hoses or irrigation systems. Standing water can be a major attractant for rats. Cover Water Features If you have birdbaths or ponds, consider covering them at night or using motion-activated sprinklers to deter rats. Remove Pet Water Bowls Bring pet water bowls indoors overnight to prevent attracting thirsty rats. Create Physical Barriers Block Entry Points Inspect your garden and surrounding structures for holes or gaps where rats might enter. Use steel wool or hardware cloth to block these entry points. Install Fencing Consider adding a rat-proof fence around your garden. A buried fence with small mesh can help keep rats from digging their way in. Natural Repellents and Methods Now that we’ve started tidying up, let’s talk about some natural ways to keep rats away from your garden. These methods are not only effective but also environmentally friendly, ensuring your garden remains a safe haven for all its intended inhabitants. Plants that Repel Rats Peppermint Rats hate the smell of peppermint. Planting peppermint around the perimeter of your garden or near problem areas can help keep them at bay. Daffodils and Marigolds These beautiful flowers not only add color to your garden but also act as natural rat repellents. Rats tend to avoid them. Garlic and Onions The strong scent of garlic and onions can deter rats. Plant these around your garden to create a natural barrier. DIY Natural Repellents Peppermint Oil Spray Mix a few drops of peppermint oil with water and spray it around your garden. Focus on entry points and areas where you’ve noticed rat activity. Garlic Spray Crush a few cloves of garlic and mix them with water. Let it sit for a day, then strain and spray the liquid around your garden. Hot Pepper Spray Blend hot peppers with water to create a spicy spray that rats will find unappealing. Be careful when applying this, as it can irritate your skin and eyes. Creating Barriers and Traps (Non-Lethal Options) Wire Mesh Use fine wire mesh to cover gaps in fences, vents, and other potential entry points. Make sure the mesh is small enough to prevent rats from squeezing through. Live Traps If you prefer a humane approach, consider using live traps. These allow you to catch rats and release them far away from your garden. Electronic Repellents Ultrasonic devices emit sounds that are unpleasant for rats but inaudible to humans and pets. Place these around your garden to deter rats. Maintaining Garden Cleanliness Regular Inspections Regularly check your garden for new signs of rat activity. The earlier you spot an issue, the easier it will be to address. Rotate Repellents Rats can get used to certain smells over time. Rotate different natural repellents to keep them effective. Encourage Natural Predators Owls, hawks, and even some snakes can help keep the rat population under control. Creating a habitat that attracts these predators can be beneficial. Chemical Solutions While natural methods are fantastic, sometimes a more robust approach is needed, especially if you’re dealing with a particularly stubborn rat problem. Chemical solutions can be effective, but they should be used carefully and responsibly to avoid harming other wildlife or the environment. When and Why to Use Chemical Rat Repellents Severe Infestations If natural methods aren’t cutting it and you have a significant rat problem, chemical repellents can provide the necessary muscle. Quick Results Needed Chemicals can offer faster results compared to natural methods, making them useful in urgent situations. Complementary Measures Sometimes, combining chemical solutions with natural methods can enhance overall effectiveness. Types of Chemical Solutions Rat Poisons (Rodenticides) Anticoagulants These are the most common type of rat poison. They cause internal bleeding in rats, leading to death. Non-anticoagulants These poisons work in various other ways, such as affecting the rat’s nervous system or causing dehydration. Application Tips Always place poisons in tamper-proof bait stations to protect pets and other wildlife. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully. Chemical Sprays and Repellents Spray Repellents These can be applied around the garden perimeter and entry points. They contain ingredients that rats find repulsive. Granular Repellents Sprinkle these around your garden to create a barrier. They slowly release repellent scents over time. Application Tips Wear gloves and protective clothing when applying chemical sprays or granules. Reapply as directed, especially after rain. Safe Application Methods Read Labels Carefully Always read and follow the instructions on the product label. Misuse can be dangerous to humans, pets, and beneficial wildlife. Use Bait Stations To prevent accidental poisoning of non-target animals, use bait stations for rodenticides. These stations allow only rats to access the poison. Monitor Usage Keep track of where and when you’ve applied chemicals. This helps in assessing their effectiveness and minimizing overuse. Potential Risks and Considerations Non-target Wildlife Chemical solutions can pose risks to other animals, including pets and beneficial wildlife. Use with caution to minimize these risks. Environmental Impact Chemical repellents and poisons can leach into the soil and water, affecting the ecosystem. Opt for eco-friendly options when possible. Human Safety Always store chemicals out of reach of children and pets. Use protective gear when handling these substances to avoid skin contact or inhalation. Conclusion We’ve journeyed through the ins and outs of evicting those pesky rats from your beloved garden, and now it’s time to wrap it all up. Let’s quickly recap the main points and leave you with some parting wisdom to keep your garden rat-free.
The Indiana Pest Management Association (IPMA) recently welcomed more than 100 pest control professionals from across the state for its annual Spring Training event at the iconic Auburn Cord Duesenberg Automobile Museum. Now in its fifth consecutive year at the Auburn venue, the training once again brought together industry professionals…The Indiana Pest Management Association (IPMA) recently welcomed more than 100 pest control professionals from across the state for its annual Spring Training event at the iconic Auburn Cord Duesenberg Automobile Museum. Now in its fifth consecutive year at the Auburn venue, the training once again brought together industry professionals for a full day of education, networking and professional development […] The post IPMA hosts annual Spring Training first appeared on Pest Management Professional.
With greater investment, wild meat donation programs could take off and help reduce food shortages. For centuries, hunters shared excess meat via complex social relationships in communities— billions of people around the world still depend on wild fish and meat. But the loss of traditional ways of life has resulted…With greater investment, wild meat donation programs could take off and help reduce food shortages. For centuries, hunters shared excess meat via complex social relationships in communities— billions of people around the world still depend on wild fish and meat. But the loss of traditional ways of life has resulted in a shift in access to wild meat for many people. Researchers analyzed data from dozens of wild meat donation programs across the United States to learn more about ways these programs could help reduce food insecurity and better connect people with nature. They found that one of the biggest limiting factors was a lack of participating meat processors, followed by a lack of funding. To boost these programs, the researchers recommended an increase in funding and incorporating new sources of wild meat harvesting. “Removing hyperabundant yet renewable wildlife can protect terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem function, thus contributing to a sustainable food production,” the authors of the paper published recently in People and Nature wrote. “Therefore, improving wild-harvested meat donations in the United States can provide a pathway toward better nutrition, the environment and life.” Read the study at People and Nature .
People from all walks care about our country’s wildlife, beautiful natural landscapes, and other issues affecting their lives and communities. We all rely on clean air, clean water, and intricately … Read more The post Why Conservationists—and Everyone—Should Care About the Right to Vote appeared first on The National Wildlife…People from all walks care about our country’s wildlife, beautiful natural landscapes, and other issues affecting their lives and communities. We all rely on clean air, clean water, and intricately … Read more The post Why Conservationists—and Everyone—Should Care About the Right to Vote appeared first on The National Wildlife Federation Blog.
The Indiana Pest Management Association recently announced it will undergo a leadership transition, hiring Sarah Sikora as its new association administrator. The post IPMA undergoes leadership transition first appeared on Pest Management Professional.
ArticleWildlife Damage Management Technical Series
Citation Mengak, M.T. 2018. Wildlife Translocation. Wildlife Damage Management Technical Series. USDA, APHIS, WS National Wildlife Research Center. Fort Collins, Colorado. 15p. Abstract Many people enjoy wildlife. It enriches their lives in many ways. Nationwide, Americans spend over $144 billion annually on fishing, hunting, and wildlife-watching activities. However, wildlife is…Citation Mengak, M.T. 2018. Wildlife Translocation. Wildlife Damage Management Technical Series. USDA, APHIS, WS National Wildlife Research Center. Fort Collins, Colorado. 15p. Abstract Many people enjoy wildlife. It enriches their lives in many ways. Nationwide, Americans spend over $144 billion annually on fishing, hunting, and wildlife-watching activities. However, wildlife is not always welcome in or near homes, buildings, or other property and can cause significant damage or health and safety issues (Figure 1). In one study, 42% of urban residents reported experiencing a wildlife problem during the previous year and more than half of them said their attempts to resolve the problem were unsuccessful. Many people who experience a wildlife conflict prefer to resolve the issue without harming the offending animal. Of the many options available (i.e., habitat modification, exclusion, repellents) for addressing nuisance wildlife problems, translocation— capturing and moving—of the offending animal is often perceived to be effective. However, trapping and translocating wild animals is rarely legal nor is it considered a viable solution by wildlife professionals for resolving most nuisance wildlife problems. Reasons to avoid translocating nuisance wildlife include legal restrictions, disease concerns, liability issues associated with injuries or damage caused by a translocated animal, stress to the animal, homing behavior, and risk of death to the animal. Hard release: A release method that simply turns a captured animal loose at a release site. The animal is not allowed to acclimate to the new environment and no additional resources, such as food, are provided. Homing: An animal’s ability to return to the location where it was originally captured following translocation. Reintroduction: Releasing captive bred animals into a wild population, especially with reference to threatened or endangered species. Also used by state fish and game agencies to describe management activities that restore a native species to its formerly occupied habitat or range. Relocation: To move an animal or family group from one location within its home range to another location within the same home range for the purpose of resolving a human-wildlife conflict. For example, a squirrel caught in an attic would be relocated to the backyard of the same home. Soft release: A release method that involves an animal being maintained in an enclosed area or pen at the release site for a period of acclimation before release. After the animal is released, it may be given additional assistance, such as food provisions at or near the release site. Translocation: The intentional capture and release of animals to the wild to establish, reestablish, or augment a population. Often synonymous with restock, augment, supplement, or reintroduction, especially from captive breeding efforts, but does not apply to nuisance wildlife or wildlife damage management situations.
The Pest Management Foundation, the charitable arm of the NPMA, announced a $1 million gift from the Gary W. Rollins Foundation. The post Pest Management Foundation establishes legacy fund first appeared on Pest Management Professional.
Back to Resources Understanding chick development is important for understanding how climate change may influence wild populations. Credit: hedera.baltica Climate change increases the frequency of extreme heat, cold and rainfall events, affecting how chicks develop and their long-term survival. As great tits ( Parus major ) develop, they become more…Back to Resources Understanding chick development is important for understanding how climate change may influence wild populations. Credit: hedera.baltica Climate change increases the frequency of extreme heat, cold and rainfall events, affecting how chicks develop and their long-term survival. As great tits ( Parus major ) develop, they become more sensitive to temperature changes. Using 60 years of life-history data from over 83,000 individuals and daily climate records, researchers looked at how extreme weather events affected hatchlings that were zero to seven days old and nestlings eight to 15 days old. The team found that younger chicks were more vulnerable to extreme cold, while heavy rain harmed older nestlings. The timing of the extreme event also impacted chick size. Chicks exposed to extreme heat born later in the season were often significantly smaller than chicks born earlier. When chicks experienced both extreme heat and rain, they had 27% lower body mass at fledging than other birds. Body size is important because it can reduce the chance that baby birds survive, having population-level effects. Read more in Global Change Biology
Is that bird a shade of pecan, syrup or penny brown? A new dataset aims to end the debate by quantifying color variation in bird feathers, enabling scientists to explore better questions in behavioral ecology and to examine how birds may respond to climate change. Color variation in birds is…Is that bird a shade of pecan, syrup or penny brown? A new dataset aims to end the debate by quantifying color variation in bird feathers, enabling scientists to explore better questions in behavioral ecology and to examine how birds may respond to climate change. Color variation in birds is important for social communication, sexual selection, human interactions and thermoregulation, making it a long-standing subject of research. But turning something subjective into something measurable has eluded researchers. Researchers examined 18,757 images from Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive , representing 10,290 species, including 5,288 subspecies as well as the different colors between females and males, multiple color forms and different ages. Colors are made from a composite of blue, green and red light, and the intensity of the three decides what color we see. In the bird photos, the team quantified the red, blue, and green light values. They clustered the values to identify and classify different feather colors—essentially breaking down the color shades. By translating plumage into standardized data, the dataset gives wildlife professionals a new tool to track how traits shift across landscapes and over time. Access the resource on Dryad or read more about the process in Ecology .
Long-term tidal marsh restoration in central California wetlands is bringing back important breeding habitat for birds. Wetlands along the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers have been strictly controlled for more than a century by a series of levees that drained wetlands. But while some more recent changes seem to encourage…Long-term tidal marsh restoration in central California wetlands is bringing back important breeding habitat for birds. Wetlands along the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers have been strictly controlled for more than a century by a series of levees that drained wetlands. But while some more recent changes seem to encourage the presence and diversity of marsh-breeding songbirds and waterbirds, blanket changes discouraged the presence of a few open-water and mudflat species. “In the delta landscapes, if the goal is trying to recover this larger suite of species, including shorebirds, maintaining open areas of water and tidal mudflats is an important restoration consideration,” said Jason Riggio, an ecologist at the Museum of Wildlife and Fish Biology at the University of California, Davis. Dutch Slough before construction and restoration began in 2017. Credit: California Department of Water Resources Starting in the late 1800s, land managers began making large-scale changes to the tidal marshes formed upstream of the meeting of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers between the cities of Sacramento and San Francisco. Most tidal marshes around the area were leveed, drained and converted to agriculture. This effectively exposed peat soils that hadn’t seen air for eons, drying out the organic material. Some of the land began to subside in the decades since, threatening the infrastructure of the levees that kept the water in established channels. The levees have broken before. Franks Track State Recreation Area near Sacramento was flooded in the 1930s due to broken levees, for example. “There are puzzle pieces missing around where levees breached in the past,” Riggio said. Dutch Slough after restoration and breach in 2022. Credit: California Department of Water Resources Restoring stretches of wetland The California Department of Water Resources has been working to restore some former agricultural plots into natural areas to reduce subsidence—what happens as organic soil decays and blows away and ground water is pumped, causing the land to sink. They’ve conducted different strategies on different land plots—subsidence reversal plots usually just focus on returning certain water levels to encourage vegetation like cattails and tules. As successive generations of these plants grow and die, they create more soil underwater, reversing the pattern of land subsidence. In other areas, such as Dutch Slough, also near Sacramento, the agency has restored a tidal marsh ecosystem, which means actively planting tule and other riparian vegetation on the marsh plain before breaching levees to cause flooding. Many species were found more often after marsh restoration, including (clockwise from top left), song sparrows, marsh wrens, American bitterns and common yellowthroats. Credit Andrew Engilis, Jr. In a study published recently in Restoration Ecology , Riggio and his colleagues surveyed bird species in tidal marshes, subsidence reversal plots and unrestored pastures and compared differences in species richness and diversity. From 2020 to 2025, they conducted point counts at these types of areas in May and June, the breeding season for marsh birds. They found that overall, the tidal marshes encourage the most bird diversity and species abundance. But there were some caveats. For example, species richness was driven by waterbirds like ducks, geese and shorebirds—species like pied-billed grebes ( Podilymbus podiceps ), American bitterns ( Botaurus lentiginosus ) and mallards ( Anas platyrhynchos ). “The tidal marsh restoration was doing a particularly good job at restoring land for the suite of waterbirds,” Riggio said. Marsh-breeding songbirds, like common yellowthroats ( Geothlypis trichas ), marsh wrens ( Cistothorus palustris ) and song sparrows ( Melospiza melodia ) also had high numbers in tidal marshes like Dutch Slough. These species also recovered quite quickly—within one to four years after restoration, they had densities comparable to managed marshes restored two decades earlier. However, species that gravitated more toward open water and mudflats, such as black-necked stilts ( Himantopus mexicanus ) and killdeers ( Charadrius vociferus ), mostly disappeared from these restored tidal marshes as the vegetation returned. Jason Riggio, left, and Danielle Fradet, right, at a survey site in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. Courtesy of Jason Riggio Overall, Riggio said that tidal marshes seem best for birds. “The avian benefits are greater in the tidal marsh restoration than in the subsidence marsh restorations,” he said. But both of those had better species richness and diversity than unrestored landscapes. Riggio said that their findings can be used to structure more species-specific conservation strategies. If improving richness in general is the goal, then tidal marsh restoration works, for example. But if wildlife managers still want to maintain species like stilts and killdeer, then they should also consider maintaining some open water and mudflats. Article by Joshua Rapp Learn
TWS Council approved this revised version of what was previously its Issue Statement on Wildlife Killing Contests in March 2026. This statement provides background information on the practice of harvest competitions for wildlife, public support for/understanding of competitions, and related challenges facing wildlife professionals. The statement establishes the policies of…TWS Council approved this revised version of what was previously its Issue Statement on Wildlife Killing Contests in March 2026. This statement provides background information on the practice of harvest competitions for wildlife, public support for/understanding of competitions, and related challenges facing wildlife professionals. The statement establishes the policies of The Wildlife Society regarding competitive events or programs related to the take of wildlife. The “take” of wildlife, including when done while hunting and trapping, occurs in North America under a framework of state, provincial, tribal, and federal laws and regulations. These regulated activities have played a key role in the management and conservation of wildlife populations. Specific legal code and detailed regulations, as well as ethical philosophies, direct the manner in which hunting occurs and can include competitions. Harvest competitions may include loosely or highly organized events (e.g., the biggest buck pool at a deer hunting camp vs. Florida Python Challenge) and may be run by private individuals, groups, sporting goods companies, or government agencies. For all competitions, jurisdictional rules and laws must be followed. In some cases, additional “rules” focused on equipment, skills, perceived ethics, and other specific aspects of competition may be imposed by the organizing entity. Due to varying regulations and state/provincial laws among jurisdictions, these events may operate differently across North America. Competitions vary in geographic scope with competitive harvest occurring on an individual property or multiple properties within or beyond a specific jurisdiction. Competitions may or may not offer monetary prizes. When offered, monetary prizes can vary in value significantly and include anything from cash prizes, trucks, boats, and hunting or fishing equipment, to hats, game calls or pins, certificates, or trophies. Personal satisfaction or entry into record books can provide additional incentives. Competitions may have a conservation benefit, be neutral, or have deleterious effects on the conservation of a species. Competitions can take many forms depending on the species involved and the goals. Specific examples of contemporary competitions involving take include those for invasive species (e.g., Burmese pythons), species that are perceived as a nuisance (e.g., prairie dogs), predatory mammals (e.g., foxes, coyotes, bobcats), and big game species (e.g., deer, bear, moose, elk). Most people in North America do not hunt or trap, but resources are managed for all people with respect to consumptive and/or intrinsic value(s). The public is generally supportive of regulated hunting and trapping, though that support varies based on the reason for the take of wildlife 1 . Competitions centered around wildlife may receive increased public attention and scrutiny through social media, print, and television coverage. The public may vary in its acceptance of competition as it relates to wildlife take. Among the hunting community, the value, appeal, and support of these events are variable. Issues of “fair chase,” “ethics,” and appropriate methods are not universally agreed upon by both the hunting and non-hunting community. Public support for a competition will depend on whether there is a clear management objective that is scientifically supported. If competitions directed at species that are perceived to conflict with humans are not clearly based on science, at least two negative consequences may result. First, the public may react negatively to the competition and, potentially, to hunting more broadly. Several states have banned competitions as a result. Second, the competition may mislead the public about the roles of the species in question within the ecosystem, or the effectiveness of the competition as a management tool. It is the policy of The Wildlife Society regarding competitive events or programs related to the take of wildlife to: Oppose competitions that are inconsistent with conservation of wildlife. Recommend that, if a jurisdiction has authority, competitions should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis regarding purpose, use of the animals taken, ethical use, conservation outcome, and sustainability of the species of interest to provide recommendations or requirements to organizers and inform future regulations and laws. Recommend against the use of pejorative inflammatory terminology that is not in the best interest of the hunting community or wildlife managers, as this terminology does not capture the full context of competitive harvest. Encourage that in every case, the state, tribal, or provincial fish and wildlife agency should be consulted during discussions about competitive hunting. Encourage the use of Animals taken in these events to the extent appropriate and practical and in accordance with state, provincial, tribal, or federal laws. Promote programs that inform the public and competition organizers and participants on the values and benefits of properly regulated, sustained, and responsible use of wildlife. These programs should include science-based information on the role of native species in ecosystems, alternative strategies for wildlife management, and the benefits and limitations of competitions in managing wildlife populations and damage. Recommend that jurisdictions with authority, require competition organizers to provide participants with information on all applicable regulations and laws in the jurisdiction(s) of take, and require proper disposal of dead wildlife to limit disease exposure and expansion. Encourage appropriate regulations precluding the wanton waste of wildlife by responsible agencies to ensure animals are harvested for legitimate purposes, and that competitions are compatible with the management of other species, including threatened and endangered wildlife and plants. Recognize that the values of the public regarding wildlife and the method and purpose of take varies across communities. Evaluation of the value of competitions should incorporate a variety of public opinions, while ensuring the legitimacy of regulated hunting and trapping activities in the future. 1 Outdoor Stewards of Conservation Foundation. 2023. Americans’ Attitudes Towards Legal, Regulated Fishing, Target/Sport Shooting, Hunting and Trapping.
